Outline of the Bible/Table of Kings of Israel

Kings of Israel

Main article: Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)

The years in columns 2 & 3 are given for convenience only. No claim as to their historical accuracy is in any way implied. They should be regarded as a rough estimate at best.

An asterick before a name indicates that that king overthrew the previous king.

began to reign	length of reign	king	notes
began 127 yrs before Azariah who began (4-16) began 20 yrs before Asa who began 38 yrs before Ahab who began 4 yrs before Jehoshaphat who began in (3-5)	22	Jeroboam son of Nebat by Zeruah	(allowed anyone to become a priest)
2nd of Asa who began 38 yrs before Ahab who began 4 yrs before Jehoshaphat who began in (3-5)	2	Nadab son of Jeroboam
3rd of Asa who began 38 yrs before Ahab who began 4 yrs before Jehoshaphat who began in (3-5)	24	*Baasha son of Ahijah
26th of Asa who began 38 yrs before Ahab who began 4 yrs before Jehoshaphat who began in (3-5)	2	Elah son of Baasha
27th of Asa who began 38 yrs before Ahab who began 4 yrs before Jehoshaphat who began in (3-5)	7days	*Zimri
31st of Asa who began 38 yrs before Ahab who began 4 yrs before Jehoshaphat who began in (3-5)	12	*Omri	(built city of Samaria). mentioned in Mesha Stele^[1]
38th of Asa who began 38 yrs before Ahab who began 4 yrs before Jehoshaphat who began in (3-5)	22	Ahab son of Omri	(5 yr overlap) (married daughter of king of Sidon. Warred with Aram. Built a palace)
17th of Jehoshaphat (3-5) who began in 4th of Ahab	2	Ahaziah son of Ahab	died in 2nd yr of Joram(J) who began in 5th of Joram the son of Ahab
18th of Jehoshaphat (3-5)^[2] who began in 4th of Ahab 2nd (20th?) of Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat? who was born (3-1) who began to rule (4-2)	12	Joram son of Ahab
death of Joram of israel	28	*Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi^[3]	(destroyed Baal worship)
23rd of Joash son of ahaziah who began in 7th of Jehu	17	Jehoahaz son of Jehu
37th of Joash king of Judah who began in 7th of Jehu	16	Johoash son of Jehoahaz	(3 yr overlap) (defeated Judah)
38th of Azariah (4-16)	6mnth	Zechariah son of Jeroboam	(assassinated by conspiracy)
39th of Uzziah (4-16)	1mnth	*Shallum son of Jabesh	(assassinated)
39th of Azariah (4-16)	10	*Menahem son of Gadi	(Pul king of Assyria invade land)
50th of Azariah (4-16)	2	Pekahiah son of Menahem	(assassinated by conspiracy)
52nd of Azariah (4-16)	20	*Pekah son of Remaliah	(Tiglath-Pileser invaded & deported many. Assassinated by conspiracy) Died in 20th of Jotham^[4]
15th of Amaziah who began in 2nd of Jehoash	41	Jeroboam II son of Jehoash	(restored boundaries of Israel)
12th of Ahaz^[5] (6-20) who began in 17th of Pekah	9	*Hoshea son of Elah	(rebelled against Shalmaneser. Sent envoys to Pharaoh So (Osorkon IV?). Shalmaneser attacked in 6th yr)
9th of Hoshea		Shalmaneser V	(Deported Israel)

↑ In archaeology, Omri appears several times over the next century or so, beginning with the Mesha stele, which recounts one of his acts as king: the annexation of Moab. He is also mentioned in the contemporary Assyrian Black Obelisk which states that Jehu was the "son of Omri." Later, Israel would become identified in sources as the "House of Omri" (Bit-Humria), with the term "Israel" being used less and less as history progressed (the other defining term for "Israel" is "Samaria", beginning in the reign of Joash). Archaeologically speaking, it would appear that Omri is the founder of the Israelite Kingdom, but problems persist since he is not the first king of Israel to appear in sources; Ahab is. However, dating complications (arising from the fact that if he followed Ahab he would be given less than three years to rule, far too short for a king that was as powerful and influential as Omri) make it easier to put Omri first in Israel's internationally recognised line of kings, although this by no means firmly establishes that he was the first king of Israel according to these sources.
↑ 2 King 3 1Now Jehoram the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and reigned twelve years.
↑ The Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III also refers to Jehu as son of Omri, rather than son of Jehoshaphat. Jehu destroyed the house of Omri rather than helping perpetuate it. By treating the Black Obelisk as historically accurate, and thus making Jehu a brother or half-brother to Ahab, it becomes much clearer why Jehu, who the Bible portrays as a son of the king of Judah, would become the head of a dynasty of kings over Israel. Jehu would in this situation be the wicked uncle who killed the rightful kings of Israel and Judah, attempting to usurp power, but only managing to hold onto Israel, to which he had an ancestral claim.
↑ 2 King 15 29In the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglathpileser king of Assyria, and took Ijon, and Abelbethmaachah, and Janoah, and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali, and carried them captive to Assyria. 30And Hoshea the son of Elah made a conspiracy against Pekah the son of Remaliah, and smote him, and slew him, and reigned in his stead, in the twentieth year of Jotham the son of Uzziah.
↑ 2 King 17 1In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah began Hoshea the son of Elah to reign in Samaria over Israel nine years.

[1] In archaeology, Omri appears several times over the next century or so, beginning with the Mesha stele, which recounts one of his acts as king: the annexation of Moab. He is also mentioned in the contemporary Assyrian Black Obelisk which states that Jehu was the "son of Omri." Later, Israel would become identified in sources as the "House of Omri" (Bit-Humria), with the term "Israel" being used less and less as history progressed (the other defining term for "Israel" is "Samaria", beginning in the reign of Joash). Archaeologically speaking, it would appear that Omri is the founder of the Israelite Kingdom, but problems persist since he is not the first king of Israel to appear in sources; Ahab is. However, dating complications (arising from the fact that if he followed Ahab he would be given less than three years to rule, far too short for a king that was as powerful and influential as Omri) make it easier to put Omri first in Israel's internationally recognised line of kings, although this by no means firmly establishes that he was the first king of Israel according to these sources.

[2] 2 King 3 1Now Jehoram the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and reigned twelve years.

[3] The Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III also refers to Jehu as son of Omri, rather than son of Jehoshaphat. Jehu destroyed the house of Omri rather than helping perpetuate it. By treating the Black Obelisk as historically accurate, and thus making Jehu a brother or half-brother to Ahab, it becomes much clearer why Jehu, who the Bible portrays as a son of the king of Judah, would become the head of a dynasty of kings over Israel. Jehu would in this situation be the wicked uncle who killed the rightful kings of Israel and Judah, attempting to usurp power, but only managing to hold onto Israel, to which he had an ancestral claim.

[4] 2 King 15 29In the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglathpileser king of Assyria, and took Ijon, and Abelbethmaachah, and Janoah, and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali, and carried them captive to Assyria. 30And Hoshea the son of Elah made a conspiracy against Pekah the son of Remaliah, and smote him, and slew him, and reigned in his stead, in the twentieth year of Jotham the son of Uzziah.

[5] 2 King 17 1In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah began Hoshea the son of Elah to reign in Samaria over Israel nine years.

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Outline of the Bible/Table of Kings of Israel

Kings of Israel

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