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Part of a series of articles on

Muhammad callig
Prophet of Islam
Muhammad


Life
Family tree · In Mecca · In Medina · Conquest of Mecca · The Farewell Sermon · Succession


Career
Diplomacy · Family · Wives · Military leadership


Succession
Farewell Pilgrimage · Ghadir Khumm · Pen and paper · Saqifah · General bay'ah


Interactions with
Slaves · Jews · Christians


Perspectives
Muslim (Poetic and Mawlid) · Medieval Christian · Historicity · Criticism · Depictions

Life of Muhammad Saws
Birth 570
Muhammad Saws is orphaned 575
Marriage to Khadija 595
Makkah phase of dawa 610–622
Quran revealed 610
Declaration at mount Safa 613
First emigration to Abyssinia 615
Start of Boycott of Banu Hashim 616
Year of Sorrow 619
Isra and Mi'raj 620
First pledge of Aqaba 621
Emigration to Yathrib 622
Madinah phase of dawa 622–632
Battle of Badr 624
Battle of Uhud 625
Battle of the Trench 627
Treaty of Hudaibiyyah 628
The first pilgrimage 629
Conquest of Makkah 630
Death 632

Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh (Arabic: ﷴ; Transliteration: Muḥammad; pronounced [mʊħɑmmæd] ; also spelled Mohammed or Muhammed)(ca. 570/571 Mecca[مَكَةَ ]/[ مَكَهْ ] – June 8, 632 Medina),is the founder of the religion of Islam [ إِسْلامْ ] and is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of Allah, the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of Islamic prophets as taught by the Qur'an 33:40–40.



Muslims thus consider him the restorer of an uncorrupted original monotheistic faith (islām) of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and other prophets. He was also active as a diplomat, merchant, philosopher, orator, legislator, reformer, military general, and, according to Muslim belief, an agent of divine action.Born in 570 in the Arabian city of Mecca,he was orphaned at an early age and brought up under the care of his uncle Abu Talib. He later worked mostly as a merchant, as well as a shepherd, and was first married by age twenty-five. Discontented with life in Mecca, he retreated to a cave in the surrounding mountains for meditation and reflection.



According to Islamic beliefs it was here, at age forty, in the month of Ramadan, where he received his first revelation from God. Three years after this event Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly, proclaiming that "God is One", that complete "surrender" to Him (lit. islām) is the only way (dīn) acceptable to God, and that he himself was a prophet and messenger of God, in the same vein as other Islamic prophets.Muhammad gained few followers early on, and was met with hostility from some Meccan tribes; he and his followers were treated harshly. To escape persecution Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina (then known as Yathrib) in the year 622. This event, the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. In Medina, Muhammad united the conflicting tribes, and after eight years of fighting with the Meccan tribes, his followers, who by then had grown to ten thousand, conquered Mecca.



In 632, a few months after returning to Medina from his Farewell pilgrimage, Muhammad fell ill and died. By the time of his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam; and he united the tribes of Arabia into a single Muslim religious polity. The revelations (or Ayat, lit. "Signs of God")—which Muhammad reported receiving until his death—form the verses of the Qur'an, regarded by Muslims as the “Word of God” and around which the religion is based. Besides the Qur'an, Muhammad's life (sira) and traditions (sunnah) are also upheld by Muslims. They discuss Muhammad and other prophets of Islam with reverence, adding the phrase peace be upon him whenever their names are mentioned.While conceptions of Muhammad in medieval Christendom and premodern times were largely negative, appraisals by non-Muslims in modern times have been far less so.

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