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Millennia: 10th millennium BC · 9th millennium BC · 8th millennium BC
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8500bce

Europe and surrounding areas in the 9th millennium BC. Blue areas are covered in ice.
(1) Upper Palaeolithic cultures.
(2) Mesolithic cultures.
(3) Swiderian cultures.
(4) Pontic Tardenosian cultures.
(5) Iberian Capsian cultures.
(6) Oranian cultures.
(7) Lower Capsian cultures.
(8) The Fertile Crescent.

Template:Stone Age

The 9th millennium BC marks the beginning of the Neolithic period.

Agriculture spreads throughout the Fertile Crescent and use of pottery becomes more widespread. Larger settlements like Jericho arise along salt and flint trade routes. Northern Eurasia is resettled as the glaciers of the last glacial maximum retreat. World population is at a few million people, likely below 5 million.

Events[]

  • c. 9000 BCMediterranean—Settling on Mediterranean isles started
  • c. 9000 BCLaacher See, northwest of Frankfurt, formed when a volcano blows out to form a caldera
  • c. 9000 BCNeolithic culture begins in Ancient Near East
  • c. 8700–8400 BCBritainStar Carr site in Yorkshire, Britain inhabited by Maglemosian peoples
  • c. 8500 BCGreat BritainMesolithic hunters camp at Cramond, Prehistoric Scotland
  • c. 8500 BC–7370 BC; Jericho established with 2000 inhabitants living in mud-brick houses covering 6 acres (24,000 m2) and protected by the Wall of Jericho
  • c. 8300 BCGreat BritainNomadic hunters arrive in England
  • c. 8000 BCNorwayØvre Eiker of Norway inhabited
  • c. 8000 BCEstoniaPulli settlement inhabited

Inventions and discoveries[]

  • c. 9000 BC—The first evidence of the keeping of sheep, in northern Iraq.[1]
  • c. 8500 BCNatufian culture of Western Mesopotamia is harvesting wild wheat with flint-edged sickles. (1967 McEvedy) About this time, boats are invented, and dogs domesticated in Europe. (1967 McEvedy)
  • c. 8500 BCAndean peoples domesticate chili peppers and two kinds of bean.
  • c. 8000 BCMesopotamiaAgriculture in Mesopotamia
  • c. 8000 BCAsiaDomestication of the pig in China and Turkey
  • c. 8000 BCMiddle EastDomestication of goats
  • c. 8000 BCAsia—Evidence of domestication of dogs from wolves,new find in Russia of domesticated dogs dated 12,000 BC
  • c. 8000 BCMiddle East—Ancient flint tools from north and central Arabia belong to hunter-gatherer societies
  • c. 8000 BCMiddle EastClay vessels and modeled human and animal terracotta figurines are produced at Ganj Dareh in western Iran.
  • c. 8000 BC—Exchange of goods, a three-dimensional combination of an accounting/inventory system and medium of exchange.
  • c. 8000 BC—Exchange of goods may represent the earliest pseudo-writing technology.
  • c. 8000 BC—People of Jericho were making bricks out of clay, then hardened them in the sun. The settlement had grown to 8–10 acres of houses and had substantial walls.[1]

Environmental changes[]

Template:Pleistocene

  • c. 9000 BC: Temporary global chilling, as the Gulf Stream pulls southward, and Europe ices over (1990 Rand McNally Atlas)
  • c. 8000 BCWorld—Rising Sea
  • c. 8000 BCAntarctica—long-term melting of the Antarctic ice sheets is commencing
  • c. 8000 BCAsia—rising sea levels caused by postglacial warming
  • c. 8000 BCWorld—Obliteration of more than 40 million animals about this time
  • c. 8000 BCNorth America—The glaciers were receding and by 8,000 B.C. the Wisconsin had withdrawn completely.
  • c. 8000 BCWorld—Inland flooding due to catastrophic glacier melt takes place in several regions

References[]

  1. 1.0 1.1 Roberts, J: "History of the World.". Penguin, 1994.

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